![]() The creation of a digital BIM platform for the construction industry was theorized in 2007 (cit.). ![]() In this evolutionary scenario of BIM, Italy has played an important role, albeit little known. 2014/24/EU), that, in Europe and across the world, the slow but continuous spread of the new BIM technology and methodology began throughout the entire sector. It was then, with the publication of the British PAS 1192 (parts 2 and 3), in 2013, and with the optional introduction of BIM in European Community public procurement in 2014 (D. In 2002 AutoDesk buyed Revit Technologies, and starts pushing, with a heavy marketing campaign, the BIM acronym, making it the preferred buzzword in the building industry.ĭespite BIM having now substituted CAD (that anyway, in the proper acceptation, as already highlighted, is as exhaustive as BIM) as a common terminology, this did not correspond to a wider diffusion of it, as an operational tool in the sector, which remained a prerogative that is strongly limited to the US market. At the same time, other companies started developing solutions for the building industry, based on the most advanced tools developed for the mechanical industry, creating the necessary conditions for a radical step forward of the building industry, in comparison to the former technologies: it is the case of Digital Project, (Gehry Technologies) based on CATIA (Dassault Systems) and Revit (Charles River Software 97, later Revit Technologies, 2000). The biggest software companies, AutoDesk and Bentley, in between the 80s and the 90s developed solutions based on their multipurpose products: AutoDesk has Architectural Desktop built on top of AutoCAD (now AutoCAD Architecture), and Bentley, on top of MicroStation TriForma, launched Bentley Architecture, evolved nowadays into AECOsim Building designer. In France, Gimeor developed Architrion, another tool that had a wide diffusion in the 90s. In 1984, in Germany, Nemetscheck launched the first release of its product Allplan. Graphisoft developed, in 1982, Radar-Ch also known as ArchiCAD, since 1995 that is be the base of the Virtual Building Environment-VBE-concept developed by the Hungarian company. The first releases of 3D CAAD OO-3-Dimensional Computer Architectural Aided Design Object Oriented-commercial software, appeared on the market during the 80s. 1974) appears in 1974 to emphasize the potential of CAD tools to virtually describe the complexity of a building in terms of its geometry and the other data necessary to fully represent it. The acronym BDS-Building Description System (Eastman et al. During the same period, devices prefigurating the tools nowadays used to support Virtual Reality and Augmented Perceived Reality are already experimented by the Academy (Sutherland 1968). Negroponte, with the system Urban5 (Negroponte 1970), envisions the idea of expert systems supporting architects and designers in general in the project decision process. In the same period, the concept of a decisional design and management process supported by computers is developed inside the Architecture Machine Group, founded by Nicholas Negroponte, at the MIT laboratories. thesis work of Ivan Sutherland, the software Sketchpad (Sutherland 1964). The roots of the modern interpretation of the CAD and BIM systems can actually be traced back to the early 60s and to the activities developed inside the MIT-Labs of the Boston University: many of the concepts are still at the base of the modern CAD-BIM software, such as software-user interactivity, modular design, Object-Oriented modeling, are already evident in the Ph.D. Though, while the academy and the researchers were talking in the wider terms of ICTC-Information and Communication Technologies for Construction-the industry started introducing the new terms of BIM-Building Information Model or Modeling-to progressively substitute the words CAD, Computer-Aided Design, that, despite being already exhaustive of a decisional and management process supported by computers (and this is evident when referring to the way the mechanic industry implemented CAD to support its production process management) was still interpreted-by the majority of the players in the building industry-in a reductive way as CAd, or Computer-Aided drafting: the building constructions field, at that time, is not mature yet to understand the potential of the Computer-Aided Design as a decisional tool to support the whole construction process. At the start of the twenty-first century, the acronym BIM was not well known as nowadays.
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